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Indian campaign of Alexander the Great
The Indian campaign of Alexander the Great began in 326 BC. After conquering the Achaemenid Empire of Persia, the Macedonian king (and now high king of the Persian Empire) Alexander launched a campaign into the northwestern Indian subcontinent. The Battle of the Jhelum river against King Porus in Punjab is considered by many historians, Peter Connolly being one of them, as the most costly battle that the armies of Alexander fought.
The rationale for this campaign is usually said to be Alexander's desire to conquer the entire known world, which the Greeks thought ended in India. While considering the conquests of Carthage and Rome, Alexander died in Babylon on June 10 or 11, 323 BC. In 321 BC, two years after Alexander's death, Chandragupta Maurya of Magadha, founded the Maurya Empire in modern-day India.
==Background==
After the death of Spitamenes and his marriage to Roxana (Raoxshna in Old Iranian) to cement his relations with his new Central Asian satrapies, in 326 BC Alexander was finally free to turn his attention to the Indian subcontinent. Alexander invited all the chieftains of the former satrapy of Gandhara, in the north of what is now Pakistan, to come to him and submit to his authority. Ambhi (Greek: Omphis), ruler of Taxila, whose kingdom extended from the Indus to the Jhelum (Greek: Hydaspes), complied. The battle of the Hydaspes river against another king of Punjab, Porus, would turn out to be the most costly battle that Alexandrian armies had fought (according to many historians, Peter Connolly being one of them). This would also be Alexander's last battle. Before this battle, the chieftains of some hill clans including the Aspasioi and Assakenoi sections of the Kambojas (''classical names''), known in Indian texts as Ashvayanas and Ashvakayanas (''names referring to the equestrian nature of their society from the Sanskrit root word Ashva meaning horse''), refused to submit. After dealing with these hill-tribes, Alexander would cross the Indus and engage King Porus for his last and most costly battle.In India Alexander the Great is also known as "Sikandar", meaning "World winter".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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